一 自动化立体仓库（AS/RS） Automated Storage & Retrieval System
自动化仓库（automatic warehouse ）是指由电子计算机进行管理和控制，不需要人工搬运而实现收发作业的仓库。
立体仓库（stereoscopic warehouse）是指采用高层货架以货箱或托盘储存货物，用巷道堆垛起重机及其他机械进行作业的仓库。
将上述两种仓库的作业结合为自动化立体仓库。
由高层货架，巷道堆垛起重机、入出库输送机系统、自动化控制系统、计算机仓库管理系统及其周边设备组成，可对集装单元货物实现自动化保管和计算机管理的仓库。
1. Automated Storage & Retrieval System
Automatic warehouse refers to a warehouse that is managed and controlled by electronic computers and does not require manual handling to realize receiving and dispatching operations.
Stereoscopic warehouse refers to a warehouse that uses high-rise shelves to store goods in boxes or pallets, and uses roadway stacking cranes and other machinery to operate.
The operations of the above two warehouses are combined into an automated three-dimensional warehouse.
It is composed of high-rise shelves, roadway stacking cranes, in-outbound conveyor systems, automatic control systems, computerized warehouse management systems and peripheral equipment, which can realize automated storage and computerized management of containerized goods.
二 自动化立体仓库的功能
1 大量存取和保管
意大利Benetton公司建造一个30万货位的自动化立体仓库，可以承担向全球60多个国家的5000多间连锁店配送货物的任务。
2.自动存取
出入库和库内的搬运作业全部由计算机控制的自动化系统来实现，运行和处理速度快，大幅度提高了劳动生产率。
3.调节供需——“大型蓄水池”
生产均衡、消费具有季节性：空调
生产不均衡、消费均衡连续：生活必需品
4.货物运输能力的调节
不同运输方式的衔接是不平衡的。大型的集装箱船可以运输1-2万标准集装箱，拖车仅能运输2个标准箱。
2. Functions of Automated Storage & Retrieval System
（1）Bulk access and storage
The Italian company Benetton built an automated warehouse with 300,000 spaces, which can undertake the task of delivering goods to more than 5,000 chain stores in more than 60 countries around the world.
（2） Automatic access
The loading and unloading of the warehouse and the handling operations in the warehouse are all realized by the computer-controlled automatic system. The operation and processing speed are fast, and the labor productivity is greatly improved.
（3） Regulating Supply and Demand - "Large Reservoir"
Production is balanced, consumption is seasonal: air conditioning
Unbalanced production, balanced and continuous consumption: daily necessities
（4）Adjustment of cargo transport capacity
The convergence of different modes of transport is unbalanced. Large container ships can transport 10,000-20,000 TEUs, and trailers can only transport 2 TEUs.
三 主要设备
1、高层货架：
自动化立体仓库从建筑形式上看，可分为整体式和分离式两种。
1）整体式是库房货架合一的仓库结构形式；
2）分离式是库架分离的仓库结构形式，单独安装在仓库建筑物内。
高层货架都是主体。
2、堆垛机：
堆垛机是自动化立体仓库中最重要的起重运输设备，是代表立体仓库特征的标志。
主要用途是在立体仓库通道内运行，将位于巷道口的货物存入货格或者将货格中的货物取出，运送到巷道口。
主要有巷道式堆垛机、桥式堆垛机、堆垛叉车（无轨堆垛机）及码垛机器人。
3、周边搬运设备：
巷道堆垛机可在高层货架间的巷道内的轨道来回运动，其升降平台上的货物存取装置（货叉）可将货物存入货格或从货格中取出。
周边搬运设备一般是店里驱动，由自动或手动控制把货物从一处移到另一处，主要包括输送机、自动导引小车等。作用是配合巷道堆垛机完成货物的输送、转移、分拣等作业。
自动导引车（AGV , Automatic Guided Vehicle）具有自动导引装置，能够沿着设定的路径行驶，在车体上具有编程和停车选择装置、安全保护装置以及各种物品移栽功能的搬运车辆。
这种系统具有服务面广、运输线路长、运输线路灵活多变，运行费用少、系统安全可靠及无人操作等特点。
3. Major Equipment
（1）High-rise shelves:
From the perspective of architectural form, automated three-dimensional warehouses can be divided into two types: integral and separated.
a. Integral is a warehouse structure that integrates warehouse shelves;
b. The separate type is a warehouse structure with separate warehouse racks and is installed separately in the warehouse building.
High-rise shelves are the main body.
（2）Stacker:
The stacker is the most important lifting and transportation equipment in the automated three-dimensional warehouse, and it is the symbol representing the characteristics of the three-dimensional warehouse.
The main purpose is to run in the three-dimensional warehouse passage, store the goods at the entrance of the roadway into the cargo compartment or take out the goods in the cargo compartment and transport them to the roadway entrance.
There are mainly roadway stackers, bridge stackers, stacking forklifts (trackless stackers) and stacking robots.
（3）Peripheral handling equipment:
The roadway stacker can move back and forth on the track in the roadway between the high-rise shelves, and the cargo access device (fork) on the lifting platform can store or take out the goods from the cargo compartment.
The peripheral handling equipment is generally driven by the store, and the goods are moved from one place to another by automatic or manual control, mainly including conveyors, automatic guided trolleys, etc. The function is to cooperate with the roadway stacker to complete the transportation, transfer, sorting and other operations of the goods.
Automatic Guided Vehicle (AGV, Automatic Guided Vehicle) has an automatic guidance device that can travel along a set path, and has a programming and parking selection device, safety protection device, and various item transplanting functions on the vehicle body.
This system has the characteristics of wide service area, long transportation line, flexible transportation line, low operating cost, safe and reliable system and unmanned operation.
四 自动化立体仓库的适用条件
1 货品的出入库频率较大，并且货物流动比较稳定；
2 需要有较大的资金投入；
3 需要配备一支高素质的专业技术队伍；
4 对货品包装要求严格；
5 仓库的建筑地面应有足够的承载能力。
4. Applicable Conditions of Automated Storage & Retrieval System
(1) The frequency of goods entering and leaving the warehouse is relatively large, and the flow of goods is relatively stable;
(2) Requires a large capital investment;
(3) It is necessary to be equipped with a high-quality professional and technical team;
(4) Strict requirements for the packaging of goods;
(5) The building floor of the warehouse shall have sufficient bearing capacity.
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